Egyptian Revolution of 1919 - 1196 Words

The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was a countrywide non-violent revolution against the British occupation of Egypt. It was carried out by Egyptians from different walks of life in the wake of the British-ordered exile of revolutionary leader Saad Zaghlul and other members of the Wafd Party in 1919. The event led to Egyptian independence in 1922 and the implementation of a new constitution in 1923 The event is considered to be one of the earliest successful implementations of non-violent civil disobedience in the world and has been followed immediately by similar actions in the Indian independence movement led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The 1919 revolution in Egypt consisted of months of civil disobedience against the British†¦show more content†¦This was the result of Egypt’s increasing involvement in the war, despite Britain s promise to shoulder the entire burden of the war. During the war, the British poured masses of foreign troops into Egypt, conscripted over one and a half million Egyptians into the Labour Corps, and requisitioned buildings, crops, and animals for the use of the army.[2] In addition, because of allied promises during the war (such as President Wilson s Fourteen Points), Egyptian political classes prepared for self government. By war’s end the Egyptian people demanded their independence.[3] Events Shortly after the First World War armistice of November 11 was concluded in Europe, a delegation of Egyptian nationalist activists led by Saad Zaghlul made a request to High Commissioner Reginald Wingate to end the British Protectorate in Egypt and Sudan, and gain Egyptian representation at the next peace conference in Paris. The delegation also included Ali Sha rawi Pasha, Abd al-Aziz Fahmi Bay, Muhammad Ali Bay, Abd al-Latif al-Makabati Bay, Muhammad Mahmud Pasha, Sinut Hanna Bay, Hamd Pasha al-Basil, Gurg Khayyat Bay, Mahmud Abu al-Nasr Bay, Mustafa al-Nahhas Bay and Dr. Hafiz Afifi Bay.[4] Meanwhile, a mass movement for the full independence of Egypt and Sudan was being organized at a grassroots level, using the tactics of civil disobedience. By then, Zaghlul and the Wafd Party enjoyed massive support among the Egyptian people.[5] WafdistShow MoreRelatedPrincess Nazly Mostafa Bahgat Fadel 1551 Words   |  6 PagesPrincess Nazly Mostafa Bahgat Fadel was the granddaughter of Mohamed Ali Pasha, the founder of the Egyptian monarchy, and one of the most important figures of the family. Born in the late 19th Century, Fadel grew up between Europe and modern-day Turkey where she was able to get an education that combines western modernity and eastern traditions. In 1877, her husband Khalil Pasha Sherif was appointed as the Ottoman Ambassador to France. During this time, Nazly Fadel began to interact with the FrenchRead MoreCommentary on Erez Manela’s The Wilsonian Moment 1081 Words   |  4 Pagesof Anticolonial Nationalism is a monograph that attempts to reconstruct the story of colonial world at the end of Wilsonian moment. The book’s title, The Wilsonian Moment is alluding to the crucial period that lasted from autumn of 1918 to spring of 1919, when the Allied victory were confident that President Woodrow Wilson’s ideas for a new world will become successful until the terms of the Treaty of Versailles became public and the failure of the Wilson’s promise became evident. Erez Manela saysRead MoreWretched of the Earth Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesattitude entails drastic and violent methods. Through this violence the revolution can succeed. Yet even after the colonial regime is removed, the infrastructure that was imposed continues to control the people. The bourgeoisie, the individuals who led the revolution leave the proletariat and the peasants disappointed. That which they have been promised is often unfulfilled or can only be considered insufficient. The spirit of revolution remains, and in time the proletariat will rise again, continuing toRead MoreThe Egyptian Feminist Union Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesboth pictures, in 1919 and in 2011, a unified demand of being liberated is portrayed and the rebellion of women is at its height. Firstly in 1919 with Zaghloul, the wife of a national leader Saad Zaghloul, was one of the most powerful women of her period. She was She led on that fateful day in May, a demonstration with more than 500 women and opened her house for the Wafd Party. Her husband had been exiled several times, during which she was considered the â€Å"Mother of the Egyptians†. After her husbandRead MoreThe Discovery Of The World War II1459 Words   |  6 Pagesoil despite the conflicts that were going on around the globe. Along with the great production and output of oil from Egypt, after World War II the success of oil discovery continued. â€Å"The first post-war exploration success came in 1946 when Anglo-Egyptian Oilfields Ltd. in partnership with Socony-Vacuum oil Co., struck oil in a wildcat well at Sudr, on the east coast of the Sinai Peninsula† (Middle East Reservoir Review 23). This well soon proved to be crucial in the next two years after the war,Read MoreNationalist Movements of the Middle East and South Asia after WW11065 Words   |  5 Pagesat the end of the war. The Egyptian nationalist elites decided to form a Wafd (meaning â₠¬Ëœdelegation’ in Arabic) party under the leader Sa’d Zaghlul that rid the British in 1936 from the Suez Canal. However, they did very little to alleviate the misery of the majority. Rather, Egyptian politicians held office just to increase their own family fortune and had no time for land reforms and public works projects that the peasantry desperately needed. Thus, the Egytian revolution led to backwardness. Read MoreStudy Guide Chapter 28 Ap World History2761 Words   |  12 Pagesof the Austrian forces. D) featured bloody trench warfare in which almost no land changed hands. E) was as bloody as the Western Front. Page Ref: 650-651 12) Which of the following was NOT a feature of war on the home front between 1914 and 1919? A) Governments organized the major sectors of the economy to ration resources and production. B) Executive branches of government increasingly took over from parliaments. C) Governments controlled public opinion through manipulation of mass mediaRead MoreAnalysis on Fate of a Cockroach3961 Words   |  16 Pages(October 9, 1898 – July 26, 1987) was a prominent Egyptian writer. He is one of the pioneers of the Arabic novel and drama. He was born in Alexandria, Egypt, the son of an Egyptian wealthy judge and a Turkish mother The triumphs and failures that are represented by the reception of his enormous output of plays are emblematic of the issues that have confronted the Egyptian drama genre as it has endeavored to adapt its complex modes of communication to Egyptian society. Early life Tawfiq Ismail al-Hakim wasRead MoreThe Fall Of The Ottoman Empire1357 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1919, United States President Woodrow Wilson put in a large effort in starting the League of Nations. The League, founded on January 10, 1920, pushed for a mandate system in the Middle East, replacing that of the Sykes-Picot. The mandates took away the sovereignty of the territory’s previous owner and transferred controlment to individual states in the Allied Powers. France came to own Syria and modern-day Lebanon and both Iraq and Palestine became BritishRead MoreDemocracy As Student Mobilization : How Student Unions Will Change The Future Of Egypt5173 Words   |  21 Pageseducation raises participation in support of a broad-based regime (democracy) relative to that in support of a narrow-based regime (dictatorship). Therefore, in transitional contexts, education increases the likelihood of successful democratic revolutions against dictatorship s, and reduces that of successful anti-democratic coups. Empirical political behavior research has consistently observed a robust and positive relationship between education and political engagement. The notion that formal educational