Egyptian Revolution of 1919 - 1196 Words

The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 was a countrywide non-violent revolution against the British occupation of Egypt. It was carried out by Egyptians from different walks of life in the wake of the British-ordered exile of revolutionary leader Saad Zaghlul and other members of the Wafd Party in 1919. The event led to Egyptian independence in 1922 and the implementation of a new constitution in 1923 The event is considered to be one of the earliest successful implementations of non-violent civil disobedience in the world and has been followed immediately by similar actions in the Indian independence movement led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The 1919 revolution in Egypt consisted of months of civil disobedience against the British†¦show more content†¦This was the result of Egypt’s increasing involvement in the war, despite Britain s promise to shoulder the entire burden of the war. During the war, the British poured masses of foreign troops into Egypt, conscripted over one and a half million Egyptians into the Labour Corps, and requisitioned buildings, crops, and animals for the use of the army.[2] In addition, because of allied promises during the war (such as President Wilson s Fourteen Points), Egyptian political classes prepared for self government. By war’s end the Egyptian people demanded their independence.[3] Events Shortly after the First World War armistice of November 11 was concluded in Europe, a delegation of Egyptian nationalist activists led by Saad Zaghlul made a request to High Commissioner Reginald Wingate to end the British Protectorate in Egypt and Sudan, and gain Egyptian representation at the next peace conference in Paris. The delegation also included Ali Sha rawi Pasha, Abd al-Aziz Fahmi Bay, Muhammad Ali Bay, Abd al-Latif al-Makabati Bay, Muhammad Mahmud Pasha, Sinut Hanna Bay, Hamd Pasha al-Basil, Gurg Khayyat Bay, Mahmud Abu al-Nasr Bay, Mustafa al-Nahhas Bay and Dr. Hafiz Afifi Bay.[4] Meanwhile, a mass movement for the full independence of Egypt and Sudan was being organized at a grassroots level, using the tactics of civil disobedience. By then, Zaghlul and the Wafd Party enjoyed massive support among the Egyptian people.[5] WafdistShow MoreRelatedPrincess Nazly Mostafa Bahgat Fadel 1551 Words   |  6 PagesPrincess Nazly Mostafa Bahgat Fadel was the granddaughter of Mohamed Ali Pasha, the founder of the Egyptian monarchy, and one of the most important figures of the family. Born in the late 19th Century, Fadel grew up between Europe and modern-day Turkey where she was able to get an education that combines western modernity and eastern traditions. In 1877, her husband Khalil Pasha Sherif was appointed as the Ottoman Ambassador to France. During this time, Nazly Fadel began to interact with the FrenchRead MoreCommentary on Erez Manela’s The Wilsonian Moment 1081 Words   |  4 Pagesof Anticolonial Nationalism is a monograph that attempts to reconstruct the story of colonial world at the end of Wilsonian moment. The book’s title, The Wilsonian Moment is alluding to the crucial period that lasted from autumn of 1918 to spring of 1919, when the Allied victory were confident that President Woodrow Wilson’s ideas for a new world will become successful until the terms of the Treaty of Versailles became public and the failure of the Wilson’s promise became evident. Erez Manela saysRead MoreWretched of the Earth Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesattitude entails drastic and violent methods. Through this violence the revolution can succeed. Yet even after the colonial regime is removed, the infrastructure that was imposed continues to control the people. The bourgeoisie, the individuals who led the revolution leave the proletariat and the peasants disappointed. That which they have been promised is often unfulfilled or can only be considered insufficient. The spirit of revolution remains, and in time the proletariat will rise again, continuing toRead MoreThe Egyptian Feminist Union Essay1754 Words   |  8 Pagesboth pictures, in 1919 and in 2011, a unified demand of being liberated is portrayed and the rebellion of women is at its height. Firstly in 1919 with Zaghloul, the wife of a national leader Saad Zaghloul, was one of the most powerful women of her period. She was She led on that fateful day in May, a demonstration with more than 500 women and opened her house for the Wafd Party. Her husband had been exiled several times, during which she was considered the â€Å"Mother of the Egyptians†. After her husbandRead MoreThe Discovery Of The World War II1459 Words   |  6 Pagesoil despite the conflicts that were going on around the globe. Along with the great production and output of oil from Egypt, after World War II the success of oil discovery continued. â€Å"The first post-war exploration success came in 1946 when Anglo-Egyptian Oilfields Ltd. in partnership with Socony-Vacuum oil Co., struck oil in a wildcat well at Sudr, on the east coast of the Sinai Peninsula† (Middle East Reservoir Review 23). This well soon proved to be crucial in the next two years after the war,Read MoreNationalist Movements of the Middle East and South Asia after WW11065 Words   |  5 Pagesat the end of the war. The Egyptian nationalist elites decided to form a Wafd (meaning â₠¬Ëœdelegation’ in Arabic) party under the leader Sa’d Zaghlul that rid the British in 1936 from the Suez Canal. However, they did very little to alleviate the misery of the majority. Rather, Egyptian politicians held office just to increase their own family fortune and had no time for land reforms and public works projects that the peasantry desperately needed. Thus, the Egytian revolution led to backwardness. Read MoreStudy Guide Chapter 28 Ap World History2761 Words   |  12 Pagesof the Austrian forces. D) featured bloody trench warfare in which almost no land changed hands. E) was as bloody as the Western Front. Page Ref: 650-651 12) Which of the following was NOT a feature of war on the home front between 1914 and 1919? A) Governments organized the major sectors of the economy to ration resources and production. B) Executive branches of government increasingly took over from parliaments. C) Governments controlled public opinion through manipulation of mass mediaRead MoreAnalysis on Fate of a Cockroach3961 Words   |  16 Pages(October 9, 1898 – July 26, 1987) was a prominent Egyptian writer. He is one of the pioneers of the Arabic novel and drama. He was born in Alexandria, Egypt, the son of an Egyptian wealthy judge and a Turkish mother The triumphs and failures that are represented by the reception of his enormous output of plays are emblematic of the issues that have confronted the Egyptian drama genre as it has endeavored to adapt its complex modes of communication to Egyptian society. Early life Tawfiq Ismail al-Hakim wasRead MoreThe Fall Of The Ottoman Empire1357 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1919, United States President Woodrow Wilson put in a large effort in starting the League of Nations. The League, founded on January 10, 1920, pushed for a mandate system in the Middle East, replacing that of the Sykes-Picot. The mandates took away the sovereignty of the territory’s previous owner and transferred controlment to individual states in the Allied Powers. France came to own Syria and modern-day Lebanon and both Iraq and Palestine became BritishRead MoreDemocracy As Student Mobilization : How Student Unions Will Change The Future Of Egypt5173 Words   |  21 Pageseducation raises participation in support of a broad-based regime (democracy) relative to that in support of a narrow-based regime (dictatorship). Therefore, in transitional contexts, education increases the likelihood of successful democratic revolutions against dictatorship s, and reduces that of successful anti-democratic coups. Empirical political behavior research has consistently observed a robust and positive relationship between education and political engagement. The notion that formal educational

An Organization That Has A Human Resource Department Essay

Since I have had almost no experience in working for an organization that has a Human Resource department, I chose to do some research on a well-known, successful company that started in the Bay Area, in Northern California. This company has been consistently rated as the best company to work for in the world and it credits its success to its innovative Human Resources policies. Its headquarters are in Mountainview, California ( a 45- minute drive from my house) with many amenities for employees such as wellness centers, indoor roller hockey rinks, and over 100,000 hours of subsidized massages given out each year. GOOGLE has designed its Human Resource practices, coined â€Å"People Operations† (sometimes referred to as POP’s), as not just an administrative function of the company but as a close relationship between employees and employers. POP’S retain talent by using competitive compensation packages and other incentives. The GOOGLE philosophy is that with the right tools (such as having happy employees), you can attract the best talent and gain a productive staff. They are very pro-active in their strategic human resource management (SHRM) planning. They pride themselves in using data and analysis to find out what makes people and teams work effectively. Since the company is based on market research, trends, and forecasting, it’s no wonder that they would put some of these skills into hiring and retaining their employees by relying heavily on gap analysis. The HRShow MoreRelatedCurrent Information Systems Within Human Resources1398 Words   |  6 Pageswit hin Human Resources The Human Resources department is currently working on bring the information systems platform into the 21st century. Excel has been a good tool to use within the HR department. 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Human resource professionals are responsible for many of the day to day contributions of an organization such as recruitment, hiring, retention, and management of existing and new employees. They a re also responsible for maintaining and keeping track of all the different rules and regulations set forthRead MoreSummary of Human Resource Management1577 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant that human research management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to strategic partner. The reason is it important is because the human resource department plays a crucial role in determining the culture of an organization. Human resources promote and implement policies and procedures. The key areas are hiring practices, compensation, management relations and employee conduct and behavior. The decisions made by the human resources department will effect an

Essay on Liberty and Society Free Essays

The good society. In a good society, an individual can experience both freedom and justice. But these ideas, freedom and justice, are still debatable. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Liberty and Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now Could these ideas really exist with each other? The existence of both freedom and justice are both limited by many factors. Freedom is to be able to exercise your desires, to freely express your feelings, you expressions, and to be able to live your life in a way that you enjoy it. The limitation though, is when your freedom overlaps other people’s freedom, whether negatively or positively. Like freedom of expression, when you do so it affects other people, like their freedom to choose a religion; then there is injustice there. That is where the concept of justice enters. Justice is there to correct people’s mistakes, so that they would not further step on other people’s freedom. It is not punishment, but it could be a means to punish. Justice is the idea that sets guidelines to one’s freedom. It is there to make sure that you remain fair and observe law and order. This is all for the good of all, not only for yourself, but of the community. Different views. Henry George and John Stuart Mill are both brilliant people with different views of society and how people should live. They have almost inverse, opposing ideas about the way people should go about their lives and their communities. Majority Rules. For Mill, it is the majority that rules, wherein they are the ones who impose a law on questions of duty to others, regarding their own self interest, and   so be able to impose economic injustice to minority individuals and to groups(Mill, p.4). For George, it is not the majority that rules and must decide on rules to impose on others. It is the interest of the people that we should decide on what rules we impose. For George, the movement towards equality is important, wherein the majority or the rich are not the ones who have the power to make rules. George states that when you remove the root of all problems, which is the individual right to land, you are taking it away from priority of occupation, the most illogical ground where land ownership is defended. According to Henry George, â€Å"Priority of occupation give exclusive and perpetual title to the surface of a globe on which, in the order of nature, countless generations succeed each other! Had the men of the last generation any better right to the use of this world than we of this? Or the men of a hundred years ago? Or a thousand years ago? Had the mound-builders, or the cave-dwellers, the contemporaries of the mastodon and the three-toed horse, or the generations’ still further back, who in dim aeons that we can think of only geologic periods, followed each other on the earth we now tenant for our little day? ( George, VII.I.28)† George points out those imposing rules such as individual rights to land would greatly induce poverty, thus creating inequality. When there is inequality, there is abuse from the people above, thus creating injustice in the system. Who would want to experience injustice? The real problem lies on the hands of the people who are on top, who are manipulating the situation for their benefits. It is a great burden to carry for the people affect, the masses, the poor people who are work-stricken in order for them to live, the ones who are sweating it all out, while the real people benefiting are on their warm offices relaxing, waiting for the money to come to their pockets. George stresses that these inequalities must be resolved, and offers us a solution. That is to make the land a a common property, a property for all, not only for the rich, thus reducing the terms rich and poor, to a term better known as equals. These equal rights not only promote the availability of these resources to everyone, but also the respect to other people’s rights. He appropriates his rights to the land with respect to what other people have, thus being able to distribute the use of these resources with the other people. Land Distribution. For Mill, a free society doesn’t have laws that states that the government should take land from the rich people to give to the poor. Land distribution, or the distribution of the wealth of these rich people is not a law in a free society. The government has no right to take away these lands in order to give to the poor. That kind of action is not a manifestation of freedom because you are imposing that the lands be distributed. Freedom is being able to own lands that you desire, in a means that is lawful and does not violate any laws. Freedom does not entail that the government takes away if you have much of that something. Freedom is letting you own what you are able to own, not distributing it to others. But George has a different point of view. He said that the unequal distribution of wealth is the real problem of the modern civilization. He then stated that if you look at it carefully, it is clear that this unequal distribution of wealth traces back to the institution of private property in land. George said that because of this institution, there is no increase in productive power that is beneficial for all the people, and the existence of this institution further worsens the situation. But for George, distribution of this private property, private ownership of land, doesn’t pose any good effects or is impracticable (George, VI.II.1). But he proposes a way on how to deal with this problem, a way to remove an evil, he said, is by removing its cause. He explained that poverty intensifies as wealth increases, and wages are decreased while the productive power rises. The cause of all these is the monopoly of land, which is where the money comes from, the field of labor. So in order to rid us of this poverty, to level of the wages, only the way the law states that they should be, then the individual ownership of land should be ceased, thus substituting common ownership (George, VI.II.2). He then concluded that the chain of reasoning has led to this decision, wherein both by deduction and induction breaks down to the unequal ownership of land means unequal distribution of wealth. Unequal ownership would then be associated to the private ownerships, individual property in land. Thus, it follows that when you make land a common property, it removes the problem of unequal distribution of land. Money allocation. For Mill, he stressed that in a free society, the government – as the public’s representative, should not have a veto on the way a person or a member of the society spends their money (Mill, p.97). But for George, he presents yet another different point of view. For him, the universe is in harmony, and so must be everything within it. Equality should be practiced and if we are to hope for equality, we must associate this with social development and must have harmony with other reforms. He proposes to show that the universe does not deny people to aspire for something, does not deny the people to want something, yet in order for the society to have progress, there must be equality, wherein all motives must lead towards equality, not inequality. Even though there are objections, George sees it as a part of the solution, wherein the eradication of this evil is to provide equality, to stop the unjust distribution of wealth, the people should have equality. What we spend is also affected, for George; we must work on towards that equality. Henry George said, â€Å"All this I propose to show. I propose to meet all practical objections that can be raised, and to show that this simple measure is not only easy of application, but that it is a sufficient remedy for all the evils which, as modern progress goes on, arise from the greater and greater inequality in the distribution of wealth – that it will substitute equality for inequality, plenty for want, justice for injustice, social strength for social weakness, and will open a grander and nobler advances of civilization.(George, VI.II.8)† George proposes that everyone practice equality in order to maintain the justice for all. This includes all the actions towards people’s wants, including their budget and expenditures, wherein they are responsible for watching it closely. References: George, Henry. Progress and Poverty: An Inquiry into the Cause of Industrial Depressions and of Increase of Want with Increase of Wealth: The Remedy Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page Co., 1879. Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Pelican Books, 1859.    How to cite Essay on Liberty and Society, Essay examples

Emerging Issues in Athlete Management Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1.What is Athlete Management? 2.What is Athlete Management mean to those Stakeholders And how do they all fit together like Governing Bodies, Player Associations? Answers: 1.Athlete Management Management as a concept carries different meanings that have been defined by different scholars. In simple terms, management is derived from the act of mastering, controlling or leading people. In business theory, scholars have used the term differently depending on the activities that are associated with it within the context o application. Universally, management is the act of getting things done following a set of procedures that have been defined. (Daft, 2003, P. 5) Suggests that it is the task of the manager to coordinate and put together various resources in an organization to achieve set objectives. In doing this; the manager uses planning, coordination, controlling, organizing, implementing and supervision to achieve the required objectives. Therefore Athlete management will entail coordinating sport related activities to achieve required results. Management styles adopted by leaders in the sport have several effects on the sport and those who participate in it. 2.Stakeholders in the field In Sports we have the following key aspects worth noting as we point at Athlete Management because they play a valuable role too. Stakeholders are individuals or organisations that have an interest in the sports activity and they use their abilities and powers to dictate and influence the outcomes in different ways (Thompson Sherman, 2016, P. 5). These stakeholders include Athlete, manager, spectators, and Sports governing bodies, Sports team and members of a community. The next level of stakeholders is participants who take part in the field sport activities of the game. There are different participants depending on their abilities and experience in the field. Those who are trying out for the first time are referred to as amateurs since they are trying to learn the rules of the game while those who have been there for sometime are legends. Steward Smith (1999, P. 89 ) argues that management aspects determine the number of participants since most of the Athletes and players seek for environments that will support them in ways that are better and professional. This boosts their well being which contributes greatly to their performance. Spectators are the most important part of any sports since they play the biggest role in the success of a particular sport. Sports competitions are organized in paid for places since the organizers understand that spectators will pay to watch the game which raises income for the participants and the bodies in charge. Teams struggle to attract participants and fun which culminate to money rather than their presence. However, Szymanski (2006, P. 21) that participants play both economicaland psychological roles to Athlete sincethey influence performance of individuals in any sport through cheering. Participants can be the community or general fans who love the sport. The community has a special bond with the team and will comprise of members who come from the same locality as the home ground of the team. Sports governing bodies play a critical role in regulating the Sport and mediating issues that relate to Athlete problems. Governing bodies are charged with the responsibility of controlling the sport through setting and reviews rules that govern the game and the sport at large. Every sport organization for example football and Athletes have their own organization that mobilizes and manages resources for the sport. Each country is supposed to have a national body that deals with athletics which is controlled by the international body (Gmez, et al., 2007, P. 12). However, the bodies have been described to suffer different challenges that vary from country to country which affect their effectiveness and ability to handle Sport related issues. Mrkonjic Geeraret (2012) Suggests that since the sports bodies are required to manage themselves and mobilise their own resources. They organise events that attract different participants, sponsors and spectators to generate resources that are used to run the orgnaisation. Where the organisation fails to support itself the national government will always step in to ensure smooth running of the sport. However, most sports have reaped heavily from corporate social responsibility where multinational and national companies have supported them through social responsibility funds. Role of Athlete Management Bjalevik Ferguson (2009, P. 4) suggest that Athlete management dates back t prehistoric times where sports were used as training tools for warriors and war. this was to enure that those who participated in wars were physically and mentally fit to take part in battles and win the war. selection for warriors was aggressive and only those who were deemed physically fit were taken in as warriors. As a way manging the fitness of al warriors, rigorus training was applied to keep the warriors up to the task. Just like today, Athlete management seeks to put them in shape and ready to compete anytime. Dijkstra, et al.(2014, P. 525) argues that Athlete management is to develop strategies that seek to keep the athete in shape and improve preparedness for future events. The manager identifies the key areas that the Athlete fits well and proposes a choice of the vent that the athlete takes part to maximise results. In most cases, athlete managers are called agents since they play the role of training and the same time strategic planners for the career of the athlete. The managers vary in their responsibilities, and the athlete can have one or several managers who play different roles in the career. These highly qualified professionals play a critical role in meeting the needs of athletes through seeking the best opportunities in the field that apply to the specific Athlete. Therefore the manager needs to have both technical and competency skills that can guide and enable athletes achieve professional gains in their career while at the same time being managed to make the right choices that will improve their career and not harm their physical health (Sherman Thompson, 2014, P. 6). When dealing with Athlete management, it is good to analyse the different aspects that the managers have like technical issues which they apply in the field. In Slovenia ugman et al. (2002) defined sports managers as workers who were exclusively dedicated to sports management. This was based on the rising level of professionalism in different sports and the participation in sports as the career and not a sport. The rise of commercial teams that needed professional payers who specialized only in the sport to work for them led to the need for sports managers. Sport managers were therefore tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that Athletes are in shape and they represented them when making deals and signing contracts that relate to the services that they provide. This gave rise to this field and the development of sports academies that trained different Athletes in sport areas for professional engagements. The Conceptual Framework for Athlete Management According to Wrisberg (1996, P. 395) quality of life for Athletes is an important factor in ensuring their safety and prosperity of the Sports. This leads to the need for Framework that highlights the way Management of the Sports can be done and key areas that need being focused on. There are high demands on Sports from a range of stakeholders raising keen interest on how Athletes are managed. Key areas in the sport that require to be focussed on are career development, athlete representation, athlete welfare, career development and emerging issues in the sport. The Conceptual Framework below outlines the impact of Athlete Management on the success of the Athlete. Professional Athlete Management contributes to high-performance, Athlete representation, career development and Athlete Welfare Figure 1: The Conceptual Framework of Athlete performance High-performance According to Bosscher Sotiriadou (2013) Athletes achieve high-performance through regular training and practising. Just like any other profession that requires training to master relevant skills for efficiency, Athletes also need adequate training and practising to improve their performance and ability to withstand stiff competition. These strategies include talent identification, coaching, Sports Sciences and Sports medicine support, availability of training equipment and event identification. (Lys ime (2008, P. 23) Suggests that managers need to ensure that Athletes are trained both physically and mentally to improve their performance. The aim of Athlete manager is to prepare the Athlete for competing in different environments that are different from their areas of residence and training. There are other measures that the manager takes like preventing injury, scheduling training, physical work ups and diet for the Athlete. In general, the manager is in charge of the Athletes life style as a way of ensuring physical fitness (Chelladurai Riemer 1997, P.135). This makes the Athlete achieve skill and physical competencies that can be applied on the track to yield better results. Unlike other games where strategies can be applied on the pith and substitutions made for the team, Athletes do not have those privileges and thus once out then it means that is the end of the race. De Bosscher (2013) argues that high-performance leads to high-performance standards that the Athlete exhibits when on track. This entails controlling muscle tone and at the same keeping up with the pressure from other competitors. Athletes who have highly trained can withstand competition based on high-performance standards that have been set by those who came before them. For example setting or breaking a world record entails high achievement levels that are above the individual who set the record. Athlete representation Managing Athletes entails representing them in different matters that relate to their profession. Indeed they are just professionals in the field who have mastered the art of performing on the field but may lack other skills that are important in management of their career. The role of the manger is thus to represent the Athlete in all matters that relate to their career like engagement in contracts, sponsorship and endorsement by different bodies. Further, the manager critically analyses any agreements that the Athlete engages in to ensure that the Athletes go through (Lussier Kimball, 2004, P. 12). Managing of resources has also been linked with Athlete managers with a call for managers to assist Athletes in managing the resources that they have to ensure that they can have a better life after retirement. Career development Andersen, et al. (2002, P. 99) Suggests that career development of Athletes needs to focus on different aspects of career development like emergency planning, health planning and career development. Career development is putting in place plans for the Athletes life after playing. McPherson (1980, P. 133) Suggests that Athletes have a shot career since as they age, other upcoming Athletes prove more powerful since they have more energy. Further, since the career is physical based, it means that retirement age can come early or late depending on the physical ability of the Athlete. The manager needs to assist the Athlete to manage their career well and choose when to strategically retire. On the other hand, counselling and planning is key in ensuing that the Athlete has a plan for the future based on their career. Some Athletes become managers of other athletes, others become ambassadors of global activities while others choose different careers. Preparing for life after sports and und erstanding the life cycles of their career provides psychology stability that is important in life after career. Athlete Welfare Welfare entails identifying issues in the life of the individual that need proper planning to avoid costs that relate to them. Managers need to cover a range of matters that revolve around the welfare to ensure that the career of the Athlete is protected. These include matters related to doping, being banned from events, mental health and counselling on the general life of leaving as a celebrity. Most Athletes are icons and celebrities in their countries. Therefore managers need to research and share relevant information with their clients to improve and protect their wellbeing and success of their career. Today sports organisations are channelling resources in this area through employing professional that can assist the Athletes and sports personalities, to cope with the state of being a sport personality, privileges and disadvantages that are associated with them. This includes strategies like how to talk to the media and being selective with information to avoid being quoted wrong ly. Indeed the world watches these personalities, and thus their welfare needs to be protected. Emerging Issues in Athlete Management There has been notable progress in the field with notable increase in the number of people who participate and watch the game. There are trends which are emerging and influencing the direction that the Sports may take in future. Ethical issues in Management bodies Management bodies have faced several integrity issues that have painted Management bodies in bad form. Corruption and discrimination have been described as major problems that have derailed performance of such bodies. Corruption has been highly reported in National Olympic bodies that are in charge of regulating Sports activities within the country. Byers (2016, P. 85) Suggests that Management bodies face ethical behaviour issuess that affect their service delivery and put the Athletes at risk. Entry of International Companies into Sports Management business The Sports world and especially Athlete world has experienced tremendous changes due to the presence of multimedia companies that are keen to manage them. Sports has become one of the major sources of revenue for most pay TV companies while other companies have come with a strategy of managing Athletes as their core business (Cafferata, 2004, P. 7). This means that Athletes need being protected by the law against ill driven companies that are out to swindle Athletes. It is a fact that some Athletes especially those who come from less developed countries are not fully informed on how to sign and limit their contract engagements with such companies. Athlete governing bodies need to develop strategies that can protect Athletes from such companies (Shropshire Davis, 2008, P. 12). These agent companies fight to control the Sports arena with deep interests in the advantages that employees receive. The need to transform Sports organisations from Associations to Joint Stock Companies Sports organisations have a lot of money which ends up in the hands of agents and companies that manage them. Athletes have been more vulnerable since the Sports is not seasonally prolonged like football. This means that agents have closer control of Athlete resources which ends up benefiting them more. There is need for Sports companies being transformed into stock companies to allow Athletes directly invest their resources rather than be at the mercies of their agents (Kartakoullis, 2009, P. 5). The Sports need new legal and Management methods that ensure those who participate are protected from fraud and at the same time, the problems that old Athletes faced in their career should not be faced by upcoming Athletes since times have changed. References Andersen, J. C., Courson, R. W. Kleiner, D. M., 2002. National Athletic Trainers Association Position Statement: Emergency Planning in Athletics. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(1), pp. 99-104. Bjalevik, J. Ferguson, M., 2009. How being succesful within the Sports industry, s.l.: Malardalen University. Bomey, N., 20122. Ann Arbor schools slashing freshman Sports teams, cutting funding. s.l.:s.n. Byers, T., 2016. Contemporary Issuess in Sports Management; A critical totroduction. Los Angels: Sage. Cafferata, R., 2004. Governance and Management in the Business of Sports. Symphonya.; Emerging Issuess in Management, Volume 2, pp. 5-25. Chelladurai, P. Riemer, H., 1997. A classification of facets of Athlete satisfaction. Journal of Sports Management , Volume 11, pp. 133-159. Coakley, J., 2015. Sports in society: Issuess and controvers. New York,: McGraw. Dijkstra, Paul, Pollock N, Chakraverty, R. Alonso J 2014. Managing the health of the elite Athlete: a new integrated performance health Management and coaching model. British Journal of Sports Medication, Volume 48, pp. 523-531. Gmez, S., Opazo, M. Mart, C., 2007. Structural characteristics of Sports organizations:main trends in the academic discussion. Barcelona: Pearson. Kartakoullis, N., 2009. Ethical Considerations in Sports Management: The Involvement of Children in Competitive Sports. International Journal of Sports Management Recreatio, Volume 3, pp. 1-17. Lussier, R. Kimball, D., 2004. Sports Management. Principals, Applicationas, Skill Development. . Mason: Thompson Learning.. Lys, B. ime, v., 2008. Coursebook for the study branch: Management of Sports. Newyork: s.n. McPherson B, D., 1980. Retirement from professional Sports: The process and problems of Occupational and psychological adjustment,. Sociological Symposium, Volume 30, pp. 126-143. Mrkonjic, M. Geeraret, A., 2012. Sports organisations autonomy and good governance. s.l., Working paper for Action for Good Governannce in International Sports Organisations Project. Sherman, R. Thompson, R., 2014. Managing the Female Athlete Triad. s.l.:NCAA. Shropshire, K. Davis, T., 2008. The business of Sports agents. , Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Steward, R. Smith, A., 1999. The Special Features of Sports,. Annals of Leisure Research, Volume 2, pp. 87-89. Szymanski, S., 2006. A theory on the evolution of modern Sports. s.l., International association of Sports economists Working Paper Series. Thompson, R. A. Sherman, R. T., 2016. Managing tudent-Athletes Mental Health Issuess. s.l.:s.n. Wrisberg, C. A., 1996. Quality of life for male and female Athletes. American Acaedemy of Kinesiology and Physical education, Volume 48, pp. 392-408.

American History American Imperialism Essays

American History American Imperialism Essays American History American Imperialism Essay American History American Imperialism Essay American reasoning to interventionism Alexander Tribunal HISTORIES Professor: Andrew Johnston TA: Emily Cough In the late 1 asss, at the turn of the 20th century, European empires controlled around 60% of the globe. The decaying Spanish and French empires had relinquished most of their Imperialist goals to control more overseas territories and were left with the remains of what they could hold onto. The British Empire however was still going strong and as the saying went: The sun never sets on the British Empire. But even then, in the sasss, he presence of European Imperialism began to diminish and a new player would enter the game of Imperialism and Jingoism. That player was the United States; consequently it was established as a nation in 1776 after seceding from the British Empire. The IIS originally had the goals of being a neutral/isolationist State; not interfering in what the general public detested about foreign imperialism. But what had changed? In the course of the next 50-60 years, the US would undertake a major foreign policy shift and steer towards the policies of Imperialism and American Exceptionalness, where mom historians argue that the founding fathers had not planned the Lignite States to pan out. This essay discusses the effects of the most important rallying cry for US policy before World War One: The infamous March of the Flag speech, as presented by Senator Albert Beverage. It was the words and ideas behind the speech which helped rally many Americans to support Jingoism under Roosevelt presidency. This culminated in the acquisition of the former Spanish territories of the Philippines, Cuba, and Puerco Rice and Guam among many other islands. With Beverages speech influencing the annexation and governance of regions which were unfit for self-rule, the United States became the new great Imperialist power; replacing the United Kingdom as the vanguard of freedom and civilization. To begin, we must analyze the foundations of Senator Beverages speech and highlight the points made to justify American intervention in Latin America and Southeast Asia/Pacific. The March of the Hag speech was delivered to the public in September 1 898, just a month after the US had defeated the Spanish Empire in the Spanish-American War. The end result was the transfer of Puerco Rice, Guam and the Philippines over to American administration. Beverages speech comes into play here; as these colonies were swapped over to another Imperial power, one that was beginning to change its foreign policy and start the role of the worlds policeman. This also marks Beverages use of words in his speech that promoted justifications for Americas interventionist attitudes. And, regardless of this formula of words made non for enlightened, self-governing people, do we owe no duty to the world? Shall we turn these peoples back to the reeking hands from which we have taken them? Shall we abandon them, with Germany, England, Japan, hungering for them? Shall we save them from those nations, to give them a self-rule of tragedy? 1. The Jingoist policy that Beverage was promoting in his speech was US foreign policy; at the time still strongly influenced by the Monroe Doctrines. The document granted the LISA apparent rights to intervene in an Latin American state that was being manipulated by European powers. It WA! Clear that the US considered Latin America in its sphere of influenced, and it was not to be meddled with by foreign powers. However, for the most part u until the Spanish American War, the United States was generally isolationist. Essentially what happened was the governments policy to build a strong international presence through military strength, capitalism and the drive to impose the democratic, civilizing mission across from the Americas over to the Pacific/South East Asia. In other words, this foreign policy became known as Jingoism4. It emphasized aggressive foreign policy, with strong nationalist/patriotic belief; and as a result, there was modest opposition to it such as the Anti-alienists Leagued. However, the public was made to live that there was justification behind the US annexing the Philippines, Cuba, Puerco Rice and Guam; as it fell into the principles of American Exceptionalness. This brings us to the second point behind Beverages speech which deals with why exactly was the US so interested in administering rule i those areas gained by defeat of Spain. The acquisition of the Philippines, Guam, Cuba and Puerco Rice were of mass importance to the United States. Was a leading factor in Beverages speech, where he discussed the riches of natural resources and capitalist interest in the countries. The Latin American and Asian countries were quite lucrative in terms of wealth to capitalists, HTHÂ ± was because LOS business interests were threatened (bananas, tobacco, coffee, cotton). This argument ties in with Albert Beverage?s speech, where he points out that American economic strength must be bolstered through the annexation and administration of the aforementioned nations while maintaining a strong military presence around the world with naval bases in key strategic locations. For example as of 2003; the US Armed Forces have bases in over 36 countries across the globe. The relation of economics ties with military principles greatly in what Beverage was attempting to put out. The US is able to station forces in military bases to monitor foreign powers under the guise of interventionism or spreading democracy; then it would bit clear the US government would have an upper hand at coming out as the number one player on the international scale of politics. As Beverage quote: in segment 27; So Hawaii furnishes us a naval base in the heart of the Pacific the Latrines another, a voyage further on; Manila another, at the gates of AsiaAsia, to the trade of whose hundreds of millions American merchants, manufacturers, farmers, have as good right as those of Germany or France c Russia or England; Asia, whose commerce with the United Kingdom alone amounts to hundreds of millions of dollars every year; Asia, to whom Germany looks to take her surplus products; Asia, whose doors must not be shut against American trade. Within five decades the bulk Of Oriental commerce will be ours7. This meant that Beverage strongly desired America to soar above in monopolizing trade and the world markets. He believed the US had the ability and resources to conduct a campaign in order to branch out to foreign markets and the vast untapped riches that waited. To sum it up, the US would head towards an increasingly capitalist mentality but the militaristic and mission to civilize/teach the world the American way would another factor in why the foreign policy became so increasingly interventionist in the 20th century and the present. To come to the final pool behind this essay, Beverages speech has touched upon the numerous underlying interests the US had in those certain regions such as American Exceptionalness, Jingoism, the hunger for stronger economy and military might overshadowed what might be one of the most powerful factors in explaining the foreign policy shift. Beverage came to state in The March of the Flag that the people who inhabited the Philippines, Cuba, Puerco Rice an Guam among many others, were in fact incapable of self-rule. Why was HTH! Idea put forth by Beverage and many other American politicians of their dab This was a direct result of the ideology which IIS politicians put forward to the American public known as American Exceptionalness8. Essentially, this theory put the IIS in a position where the nation itself was defined as unique In history. It also promoted an American centric point of view, ones that placed certain values pertaining to the USA such as liberty, egalitarianism, free market, consumerism at the focal points. How did this tie in with the March of the Flag speech? Exceptionalness was a strong fundamental belief of Albert Beverage; and his idea Of administering civilization to the newly acquired colonies was actually in fact a play on extending the hand of American centric lifestyles. It was Beverages belief (among many other politicians, and citizens) that the United States had its duty to extend American values/lifestyles to the rest of the world by means of capitalism. In relation to my first point where the US was beginning to take the route of increasing militaristic might and taking on the role of the worlds policeman; i can safely be said this same ideology was echoed by the British Empire. The two nation-states had a similar empire building policy which relied on spreading their version of civilization to colonial acquisitions. The phrase here Beverage uses the word incapable of self-rulel O, was basically a plop: to get inside the heart and minds of the average American in order to instill a justification for spreading the American way across the globe (of course, the average American was not as educated/back in those times, where political motives required more subtle approaches to justify certain policy maneuvers). In all, the explosion of a new American culture and the ideals of Exceptionalness matched quite well with the elimination of isolationist foreign policy; all of which ushered in a new American government; one which was increasingly internationalist. To conclude the effects of Senator Albert Beverages March of the Flag speech; the issue surrounding the drastic change in US foreign policies became applied to the governance of new territorial acquisitions. In the long run, the foreign policy of the United States became increasingly interventionist; especially in areas of interest. This enabled the shift to become much stronger in the years to come; as evidenced by American intervention in World War One and the post-World War Two role America played, squaring off against the Soviet Union in a garn f world domination. However, this being said, Beverages speech only prompted a proto interventionist policy (it was not as clear cut as it would be later on). Beverage only believed in the glory of the United States, the image of the duty of the nation to protect freedom and establish democracies style( after American Exceptionally point of view. Also the interests of capitalist corporations in certain areas were also touched upon by Beverage, where HTH fully supported the economic growth of the US by opening up trade with LATA American and Asian markets.

Crown, Cork and Seal in 1989

Crown, Cork and Seal in 1989 Introduction Crown, Cork and Seal Company was one of the metal can industries that dominated the United States market in 1989. It had a market share of seven percent in the metal can industries with Avery as the Crown’s new CEO who was determined to change industry outlook.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Crown, Cork and Seal in 1989 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The five-force analysis of industries determines the attractiveness of a market based on competitive intensity where attractiveness in the five-force analysis of industries refers to the industry’s profitability. Threat of new competitors Industries with high profitability tend to attract many new firms that aim at yielding high returns for their investments. The new firms that enter into the market reduce profitability for all firms in the industry, which leads to perfect competition. The metal container industry in United States repre sented sixty one percent of packaged products in 1989. The presence of a large market share attracted many firms in the industry because of profitability, which was evident in the market. The metal can industry was dominated by five major firms, which had a large market share whose balance was being served by more than a hundred firms. This led to high competition in pricing which resulted to decrease in operating margins for Crown Company and other firms in the industry. Threat of substitute products The threat is caused by existence of other products that are able to substitute the common products in the industry. The threat of substitute products means that customers may prefer alternative products instead of the common products. The metal container industry in 1989 had the threat of substitute products, which split its market share. Glass and plastic containers were the substitute products and they had a market share of thirty nine percent. Absence of substitute products would m ean that metal can industry would have a hundred percent of market share.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers or customers tends to pressure firms in price changes, which may be due to buyer volume or availability of substitute products in the industry. The force of the bargaining power of customers affected firms in the metal can industry. This is because customers as well as the buyers through cut-in-order sizes, which led to low profitability, punished firms with uncompetitive prices (Bradley 2005, p.53). The bargaining power of customers in the metal can industry led to competitive pricing and firms encouraged large orders by offering large discounts to customers. The firms in the industry gave in to customers bargaining power by giving large discounts with the aim of protecting their market share. Comp etitive rivalry Every industry has competitiveness, which is determined by firms with the same products within the industry. Due to competition in the industry, Crown, Cork and Seal Company decided to gain competitive advantage by having new technologies and innovations to develop their product line. This helped the firm to gain a powerful competitive advantage over the other firms by meeting the customer’s needs in a more convenient way than other firms in the industry meet. Bargaining power of suppliers Industries rely on suppliers who supply them with labor, raw materials, services and other components. Suppliers may charge high prices to the firms if there are few substitutes. The main suppliers of the Crown Company were aluminum and steel producers. Aluminum had the largest market share but steel had an advantage over aluminum because of its price.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Crown, Cork and Seal in 1989 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The metal container industry in 1989 was characterized by the five-force analysis of industries. The major threats that affected Crown, Cork and Seal Company were availability of substitute packaging materials like glass and plastic substitutes. There was also a threat in the industry, which was caused by in house manufacture of metal cans by brewers and food producers. Reference Bradley, S., 2005. Crown, Cork Seal in 1989. Harvard: Harvard UP.

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Any from book Juvenile Delinquency 11th edition Term Paper

Any from book Juvenile Delinquency 11th edition - Term Paper Example This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of juvenile delinquency and crime theories that aim at predisposing the idea of juvenile crime and how it develops. This paper further addresses the problem of juvenile crime in detail. The history of juvenile dates back to the 19th century and it remains dynamic to have a clear understanding and the statistics associated with the vice. Adolescents go through various social problems as they grow. According to Zimmerman, Ramirez-Valles, & Maton (1999), 31% of adolescents are faced by drug abuse, 14% face other social problems, and 14% face crime related problems while 7% suffer the repercussions of sexual abuse. So intense are these problems that the survival and growth of affected adolescents depend on how efficiently they tackle the problems. Counseling is one of the practices that can help adolescents cope with whatever problems that they face from time to time. Adolescents between the age of 9 and 13 are the most vulnerable to these problems due to their high anxiety and excitement coupled with their newness to the adolescent stages (Siegel & Welsh, 2012). To this group, however, counseling is the most important thing in making them control themselves. This coun seling must be administered by the right person and at the right time if positive results need to be realized. It is noteworthy that the adolescent stage is one of the most challenging stages for individuals as it is full of difficulty in making decisions, thus indulgence in risky behavior. According to Miller (2010), youths have always failed to make safe and healthy choices that would effectively support them avoid risky behaviors such as drug abuse, poor school attendance record, criminal gangs, and sexual activity. This kind of trend is certainly observable in environments characterized by increased poverty level, high crime rate, as well as violence. It is no doubt that black urban males in single parenting setting living in subsidized

Junction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Four Seasons Goes To Paris Case Study Tourism Essay

Four Seasons Goes To Paris Case Study Tourism Essay One of the worlds leading operators of luxury hotels, Four Seasons, renovated George V and operated it as Four Seasons Hotel George V Paris in 1999, which is its first property in France. George V was opened in 1928 and since that has been a landmark which is located in the Triangle dOr (golden triangle). In Four Seasons Goes to Paris case study shows how Four Seasons developed the diversity and adapted to French market, with the Four Seasons outstanding standards. The purpose of this report is to analyse how Four Seasons, a Canadian company adapted the big cultural difference, also to be able to apply and explain the management principles identified in the case study and the management strategies in todays reality. Furthermore, by understanding how the management adapt to become the French employer and what the company core values were implemented in Four Seasons team, in order to know how the management stand out in this process. Finally, comparing to Four Seasons years of management in Paris how does the current internal and external environment affect the managers to be more entrepreneurial. Cultural awareness, Adaptation and Management Changes Cultural awareness can be thought of as internalized attitudinally insights about those common understandings held by groups that dictate the predominant values, attitudes, beliefs and outlooks of the individual. (Adler, 1986:31) Four Seasons opened its first property in Paris and it was a huge challenge for the management to go into the local. According to the case study, French is characterized by cultural researchers as having Polychromic Culture, which means they consider the importance of human relationships and they prefer building lifetime relationships. On the contrary, Americans are much more easygoing to develop short-term relationships. French do different tasks at the same time usually, but their attention can be taken away very easily. Additionally, the management explained that there is simply an incredible pride in being French and the French have a very emotional way of doing things. They cannot keep the standards and do not respect the Golden rules as it is too American as well as changing plans often because their decisions sometimes are unpredictable and not based on any reasons. For the management has to adjust to the French regulations especially in labor policy regarding to the staff working hours and conditions. David Crowl, noted that each hotel is tailor made and adapted to its national environment. Four Seasons have learned across borders from different countries and properties, trying to incorporate the native elements inside the property. Richey, the president of Richey International, which was hired to audit service quality and he felt that Four Seasons adapted to the local market very successfully from a design perspective at the first place. Also they understand the national idiosyncrasies, business culture and labor laws in order to become a French employer. Besides, Four Seasons hired Didier Le Calvez to be the General Manager of George V. He had 25 years working experience outside France and he acquired patience and tolerance to prepare the hotel opening. Four Seasons had assigned a 35-person task force which composed of experienced Four Seasons staff to help Le Calvez and his teams, to be Four Seasonize as well as making sure that the opening will be succeed. It helps to establish norms, attitudes and beliefs by reflecting the operating needs and is a good way for communicating the right information to all staff. In addition, the management implemented the 35-hour workweek at George V in order to meet the spirit of French law. Besides, starting direct line meeting for General Manager with managers, supervisors and employees in groups of 30 once a month, in order to promote communication and address the problems. It is very important for staff to be aware of different national and organizational culture because management is a process of coordinating work activities with the management skills in order to complete the work efficiently and effectively with and through people. (Robbins and Decenzo, 2008) It enables to work well with other people both in a group and individually, as hospitality is a people industry and about interaction with people from different culture, language and beliefs, communication can be improved by developing and understanding the cultural awareness Besides, a successful management for today should be able to be flexible, create ethical work environments and exhibit entrepreneurial skills when facing the changes. As we are not all the same and everyone is unique, we have to recognize the similarities and differences of each individual us, in order to achieve the same goal for the company. Instilling the Core values into the team Core values are operating  philosophies or  principles  that guide an organizations internal conduct as well as its  relationship  with the external world. (businessdictionary.com, 2010)   It is important for stakeholders of the organization because it is a performance guide and clarification of what behaviour and attitude should be performed. According to Sharp, founder and CEO of Four Seasons, he mentioned that the reason for their success is no secret. It comes down to one single principle that transcends time and geography, religion and culture. Its the Golden Rule the simple idea that if you treat people well, the way you would like to be treated, they will do the same. (Fourseasons.com, 2010) Sharp emphasized that The Golden Rule is the key to the success of the firm. It is not only a positive belief that provides consistently exceptional service and just for you to the guests, but also is a monitor to the employees and helps to shape relationships between the guests and staff. Base on the Golden Rule, the management needs to stand out by directing the activities of other people in the company with the functions of management, which is a process have generally been condensed to the basic four: planning, organizing, leading and controlling (Robbins and Decenzo, 2008:7) Planning It is a process to establish an overall strategy for achieving the goal of organization and helps to remind the staff what is the most important. (Robbins and Decenzo, 2008). The management mentioned the Four Seasons is a family and completes with rules, traditions and tough love. In order to provide consistently exceptional just for you, the Golden Rule was established to guide the family. The behaviour of all staff over the world were expected to follow the seven Four Seasons Service Culture Standards (Refers to Appendix I), Departmental Sample Core Standards and Four Seasons Goals, Beliefs and Principles. (http://www.fourseasons.com/about_us/service_culture) They are the foundation of the organizational goals and it shapes the relationships between staff and guests, as well as enriches the service culture. Organizing Structure of the Organization The responsibility of the general manager is supervising the day-to-day operations of the property and the regional management structure of the company (Refers to Appendix II) is the most important of its ability to maintain and deliver the highest and most consistent service standards in a cost-effective manner. Hire the right person with right attitude Four Seasons is trying to look deep inside of the applicants in the selection process in terms of finding the potential employees with right attitude. Refer to Frederick Taylor, the father of scientific management believed that increased efficiency could be achieved by selecting the right people for the job and training them to do it precisely in the one best way. Hire the right person with right attitude and proper training, not only increasing the strength of the property, but also controlling relationship between input and output in order to minimize the resource costs. Leading When managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members, they are leading. (Robbins and Decenzo, 2008:8) Le Calvez, carried out some programs for motivation such as the invitation to the employees and their families for an open event about three times a year, in order to break down the barriers and remind them the pleasantness of working. Furthermore, achievement was celebrated by launching employee-of-the-month and employee-of-the-year programs to let the staff understand the recognition and the work speaks for them. Controlling The basic controlling process is the responsibility for monitoring, comparing and correcting. (Robbins and Decenzo, 2008) The management of Four Seasons hired both external and internal auditors to audit and evaluate the service quality. It is very essential because the standards of Four Seasons are the foundation for all our properties and it is based on which we build according to a senior manager noted. Therefore, the top management team gathers every morning for reflection and reviews in order to go over the mistakes, which have been done unprofessional and comparing to the companys goal and service standards, then identify and address the problem for improvement. How does Current Internal and External Environment affect managers to become more entrepreneurial Compared to the year of Four Seasons management, it is very important for the current managers to be more innovative and creative, as well as flexible in order to become entrepreneurial to both change and adapt the changes. Current Internal Environment Analysis Management Change Le Calvez worked with Four Seasons for 18 years and 8 years General Manager and Vice President in George V, he joined Shangri-La in 2007. He was credited for the renovation and his leadership while facing the adaptation and challenges. In my opinion, it effected the work motivation of the managers but they should be able to adapt the changes all the time. The hotels culture is embodied in the General Manager, An F.S. George V manager noted and it is a opportunity to establish innovative ideas and new promotional strategy in order to create a new hotels culture. Ownership Four Seasons agreed to be taken private in 2007 and was sold to the companys chief executive officer Sharp, as well as investment companies, one is Microsoft founder and Chairman, Bill Gates and the other by the owner of Fairmont Hotels Resorts, Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal, the prince owned around 20% of Four Seasons already. (Usatoday.com, 2007) Gates and Prince Alwaleed invested on Four Seasons and there are opportunities to expand the Four Seasons and increase market share in other countries, where is the needs of luxury hotels and resorts. In this case the managers should work ambitious and pre-active to do market research in order to get the chance of promotions and working in another country. Current External Environment Analysis Political There are more upcoming infrastructure including convention centres, highway, mobile portal and urban planning. Furthermore, Paris is strongly promoted as a sustainable tourism destination as long as global warming becomes serious. It is also the new trend to being green in these few years, hence it provides the opportunity to explore Paris in eco-friendly way and helps to create an image of Paris is a green capital (parisinfo.com, 2010) As the French government promotes Paris as a green destination and it is part of the trend of tourism, the managers can create eco-friendly offerings and policies in order to enrich the reputation of Four Season through this opportunity. Economical Even with a tax rate of 43% in 2008, France is the fifth most attractive place to start a business. (industryweek.com, 2010) Therefore, the goods price in France is very stable as inflation rate is about 0.9 2% in these 5 years. The GDP contracted 2.1% in 2009 due to the financial crisis and there was world tourism collapse because of the Iceland volcano eruption in first quarter of 2010. Hence, there is a big lost since tourism is the largest income in Paris. Paris is the capital and gathers with most of the culture and technology of France, the manager can through this opportunity to more establish innovative conference package and facilities as well as eco-friendly meeting offer to fulfil the new demands. On the other hand, the managers can learn how and what to do during the financial crisis especially know what strategy to do when the hotel was in low occupancy rate and how to reduce the extra costs and arrange the work schedule properly in order to survive in bad financial situation. Socio Cultural Paris is well-known as a floury city but full of artistic and cultural atmosphere. There are 25,000 artists living and working in Paris because of its historic and romantic atmosphere. (Hurriyetdailynews.com, 2010) The managers will increase the cooperation with company which provides luxury city tour service as well as the training of the concierge service since the tourists come to Paris mostly for culture and sightseeing in order to create more revenue base on the advantage of the location and outstanding service. Technological France Telecom Group Orange Business Services and Disneyland Paris have built the wireless bar code of mobile messaging services for the visitors. (Technow.com, 2009) In meanwhile, the government is planning to increase building mobile portal. (Proximamobile.fr, 2009) It is very innovative and convenient and the visitors can access to the useful travel information. The managers can cooperate with the telecom companies about implement the new hotel wireless system in order to attract new target markets and turn it into the new unique selling point. Then the guests will be able to find the information of the property as well as the tourist information through this innovative service. Conclusion To conclude, Four Seasons  has grown effectively over half a century with the exceptional and unparalleled service. The success of Four Season all bases on a simple idea Golden Rules If you treat people well, the way you would like to be treated, they will do the same. Likewise, Four Season George V has been renovated successfully through by understanding the cultural awareness and adapting to the local market with universal standards. The successful management is not only required the qualifications but also be able to take accountability for decisions and policies, with the positive attitude, exhibit entrepreneurial skills and flexibility to create ethical work environments. Besides, the internal and external environment factors need to be recognized and overcome by the management skills. Hence, the spirit of the Four Seasons consistent personalize service will be highlighted perfectly. Appendix Appendix I The Seven Four Seasons Service Culture Standards (Sources: Four Seasons Goes to Paris Case Study) SMILE Employees will actively greet guests, SMILE, and speak clearly in a friendly manner. EYE Employees will make EYE contact, even in passing, with an acknowledgment. RECOGNITION All staff will create a sense of RECOGNITION by using the guests name, when known, in a natural and discreet manner. VOICE Staff will speak to guests in an attentive, natural, and courteous manner, avoiding pretension, and in a clear VOICE. INFORMED All guest contact staff will be well INFORMED about their hotel and their product, will take ownership of simple requests, and will not refer guests elsewhere. CLEAN Staff will always appear CLEAN, crisp, well groomed, and well fitted. EVERYONE EVERYONE, everywhere, all the time, show their care for our guests. Appendix II Four Seasons Reporting Structure (sources: Four Seasons Goes to Paris Case Study) Regional Vice Presidents Hotel General Managers Regional Marketing Director Area Director of Finance Regional Human Resource Director Supporting

Thomas Jefferson Essay -- Biography biographies bio

It all began when Peter Jefferson, an ambitious surveyor, farmer, and mapmaker met Jane Rudolph during his trip to England. They married and moved to the British colony of Virginia. Years later, Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Albermarle County. He was the third child out of eight. By the age of five, Jefferson began to be schooled, along with his cousins, by a tutor. When he was nine, Thomas Jefferson was sent to a boarding school where he studied French, Latin, and Greek. He spent his vacations at home with his siblings, and first took interest in learning the violin given to him by his father. Tom and his father were quite close, and every time Thomas visited, he and his father would spend hours riding, canoeing, and enjoying the many pleasures nature had to offer. Thomas Jefferson mentioned in his autobiography, which he wrote many years later, how much he admired his father. Peter Jefferson died when his son was only fourteen years old, and he left behind a large estate of 5000 acres for Thomas Jefferson. Thomas Jefferson left for college when he was seventeen years old. He attended the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg. Though he spent the majority of his first year fox hunting and horse racing rather than concentrating on his studies, he promised himself he would work harder his second year. He became studious and realized the importance of a good education. He began to balance excessive studying with his social life. He graduated with highest honors. While in college, Jefferson was a member of a secret organization known then as the Flat Hat Club, now evolved into the William and Mary College newspaper, Thomas Jefferson had a propensity for joining secret associations. Soon he faced a majo... ...ist, architect, archaeologist, paleontologist, author, inventor, and the founder of the University of Virginia, among other roles. People still believe him to be the most multi-faceted president in history. President John F. Kennedy welcomed forty-nine Nobel Prize winners to the White House in 1962, saying, "I think this is the most extraordinary collection of talent and of human knowledge that has ever been gathered together at the White House?with the possible exception of when Thomas Jefferson dined alone." Thomas Jefferson left behind a great legacy. He gave us the true meaning of freedom and America?s destiny would be very different if it was not for him. One of the Founding Fathers of America, Jefferson?s great debating and compromising talent helped the Unites States through many obstacles. Also, the next time you eat French fries, make sure you thank him.

Cold War Impact on US Foriegn Policy

The mentality of the Cold War greatly affected the decisions made by the Presidents that held the office from 1950 to 1974. The main thought that prevailed from the beginning of the Cold War was containment. It was the main goal of the United States to contain the spread of Communism whenever possible. â€Å"Brinkmanship† was the first major policy that was employed by the United States in the effort to stop the spread of Communism throughout the world. President Eisenhower’s Secretary of State John Foster Dulles coined the term â€Å"Brinkmanship†, which simply stated means using the military to push things to the brink of war without actually going to war. This was often used to intimidate the Soviet Union into backing down during the early part of the Cold War era. President Kennedy would take a slightly more flexible stance in terms of retaliation should an attack occur. However, it wouldn’t be until President Nixon took office that the metaphorical waters between the US and the Soviet Union would begin to calm.Could Cold War Have Been Avoided? In 1957 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles addressed the Associated Press in a speech known as Dynamic Peace. In this speech Secretary Dulles seems to be trying to convince the American public why they must always be prepared to go to war even though it was not what America desired. He also explained how the Soviet Union would not want the free nations of the world to work together to arm themselves and be willing to protect each other from attack. The Soviet rulers understandably prefer that the free nations should be weak and divided, as when the men in the Kremlin stole, one by one, the independence of a dozen nations. So, at each enlargement of the area of collective defense, the Soviet rulers pour out abuse against so-called â€Å"militaristic groupings. † And as the free nations move to strengthen their common defense, the Soviet rulers emit threats. But we can, I think, be confident that such Soviet assaults will not disintegrate the free world. Collective measures are here to stay. . . .† Dulles goes on to talk about how the greatest deterrent of war is the retaliatory ability of other nations. Secretary Dulles then goes on to explain that the United States sought the liberation of the nations under the Soviet Union not to surround Russia with hostile nations but because peace cannot be achieved until all captive nations are set free. President John F. Kennedy would set the tone of his administration’s stance on the Cold War and the Soviet Union during his inaugural address. He asked that the nations of the world to come together to fight â€Å"the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease, and war itself†. His address gave realistic expectations by saying that his goals might not even be achieved during his generation’s lifetime, but even that possible truth should not discourage the United States or the rest of the world from starting on the road towards peace and freedom for the whole world. In June 1961 President Kennedy met with the Premier of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. During this meeting many subjects were discussed, but the most important was Berlin. Even though he allowed himself to be bullied, President Kennedy felt he made it clear to Khrushchev that the United States was not willing to compromise on a withdrawal from Berlin. Only a few short months later East German authorities would begin to restrict the movements of people from East Berlin into West Berlin. These actions would prompt the United States to send a note to the Soviet Union protesting these actions and asking that the Soviet Union put a stop to it before things got too far out of hand. The Soviet Union’s reply stated that it supported the actions of the East German Government because they were trying to protect themselves from western spies who were trying to undermine the Government. It goes on to talk about how the United States is well aware of these activities and is just trying to shift blame so that the illegal activities of the West could continue. â€Å"West Berlin has been transformed into a center of subversive activity diversion, and espionage, into a center of political and economic provocations against the G. D. R. , the Soviet Union, and other socialist countries. Former and present West Berlin municipal leaders have cynically called West Berlin an ‘arrow in the living body of the German Democratic Republic,’ a ‘front city,’ a ‘violator of tranquility,’ the ‘cheapest atom bomb put in the center of a socialist state. ’† All of the back and forth between the United States and the Soviet Union would come to a head a little more than a year later with the Cuban Missile Crisis. When the United States government discovered that the Soviet Union was building bases meant to house ballistic missiles President Kennedy had a choice. He could have very easily used the occasion as justification for an attack on the Soviet Union. But instead he made the choice that kept the world from World War III. Instead of attacking the Soviet Union President Kennedy, on October 22, 1962, addressed the nation and the world and announced that there would be a blockade on Cuba. This blockade would only turn away ships carrying weapons and not stop ships carrying the necessities that the people of Cuba would need. â€Å"We are not at this time, however, denying the necessities of life as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948. On October 28, 1962 the confrontation ended with the Soviet Union agreeing to dismantle their offensive weapons in Cuba. As time continued to go by both the United States and the Soviet Union were in positions where a relaxation of the tensions between them was necessary. Soviet leadership felt that the financial costs of the nuclear arms race were unsustainable. The United States was spending millions on the war in Vietnam and trying to extend the welfare state in the country. The Soviet Union was experiencing troubles in their relationships with China, and they worried that these troubles might lead to an American-Chinese alliance. â€Å"All this is, in the first place, a stab in the back for the heroic Vietnamese people in their struggle against the American aggressors, Imperialist circles fully approve of this line of Mao Tse-tung's group. The Washington Post has said that officials in Washington believe that Mao is serving American interests and they are therefore even thinking of cultivating Maoism as a means of bringing pressure to bear on Moscow. The magazine United States News and World Report has directly stated in this connection that the United States is gambling oil Mao and that American officials tend to prefer a victory for Mao Tse-tung in his struggle to destroy more nioderate elements, because that would mean more trouble for Soviet Russia. † During President Richard Nixon’s administration the first steps towards Detente began. The most important part of this was the SALT I treaty of 1972. The conditions of Detente allowed for mutual cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In fact one of the basic principles of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States was that the two nations work together especially in the areas of science and technology. In July of 1975 the United States and the USSR would work together on the Apollo-Soyuz project. Even though the idea of containment was the driving force behind many of the decisions made by US presidents during the Cold War, each President had their own ideas on how best to achieve that containment. For President Eisenhower the best strategy was â€Å"Brinkmanship†, while President Kennedy took a slightly more flexible approach. Had Kennedy followed the lines of â€Å"Brinkmanship† the Cuban Missile Crisis would most likely have been the start of World War III. President Nixon, due to the changing world and economic climate was able to reach at least some neutral ground with the Soviet Union. The relaxation of tensions in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped to bring about the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s.

Groundwater lab report Essays

Groundwater lab report Essays Groundwater lab report Paper Groundwater lab report Paper Although you are only required to respond to the questions in this worksheet, you are strongly encouraged to answer the other questions from the text on your own; doing so will make answering the required questions easier. Questions are from Conscience Laboratory, 5th De. (up. 213-226), by T. Freeman, 2009, New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Reprinted with permission. Lab Questions 12. 2 (A) How many cubic kilometers of water reside within groundwater? The answer is 8. 4 million cubic kilometers of ground water. 12. 2 (B) How many more times abundant is groundwater than water on land? The answer is 0. 2 times more than that is abundant on land. 8. 4: 0. 2 8. 4/0. 2 = 42 Ground water is xx more abundant 2. 5 So what do you suppose happened when over-pumping of the saturated zone was stopped by that other California state agency? Levels would begin to rise up to a point where the aquifer shell was not damaged from drying out. 12. 6 Can you imagine what happened when the water table rose? Hint: Asphalt and concrete are only so strong. As water levels rise so would the settle landscape above causing the asphalt and concrete to shift and crack from ground pressure. 2. 7 If, for the model in Figure 12. 11, Hal were 506 Ft, h2o were 497 Ft, and I were 50 Ft, what would be the hydraulic gradient (in percent) between well #1 and well #2? Answer: 6 % (506 497)/1 50 = 0. 06 * 100 = 6 % 12. 11 If contaminants were to find their way into groundwater at Acme Industries, in which well would those contaminants be more likely to appear the well at the Smith farmhouse, or the well at the Jones farmhouse? The answer is the second one: Jones farmhouse 12. 18 Which of the six wells in Figure 12. 25 in Chi. 12 should be flowing artesian wells? : The answer is the fourth, fifth and the sixth well-portions where there is a lower ground elevation. 12. 9 In Figures 12. AAA and B, two depressions are occupied by water, whereas others are dry. (A) Explain this presence and absence of ponds in these two figures. In figure A, the pond was prevented into diminishing due to the saturated area brought about by the resistant clay in the first pond in figure B, in the other hand, the first opening is a non-resistant type of land and the second opening is a resistant material that can hold water. (B) If the two ponds were perennial (i. . , year-round) ponds, because of intersecting the water table, how would the presence or absence of water in he other depressions differ from that which is shown? Springs are formed either from a destroyed steam, sinkholes, or valleys. Caves are also formed from saturated area of land where a land will sprout and will construct as caves. 12. 20 Judging from what you learned from information in Figure 12. A AA in Chi. 12, how might one seal a leaking stock pond? Hint: Were talking three steps here, with steps #1 and #2 being the draining and restoring of pond water. The first thing that you should do is to drain the water in the pond, then put resistant clay o the bottom of the hole. Once done, you can fill back with water. 12. 21 Examine Figure 12. 22. At a glance, several ponds might be mistaken for stock ponds. However, there is evidence indicating that the large pond at coordinates P-5 is surely a sinkhole. What is that evidence? Hint: The evidence appears in the relationship between the pond and a man-made feature. The answer is that the rock bridge will hold the land and will not permit water to be drained 12. 5 Do water levels in these three lakes (as well as others) appear to be overfed by the vagaries of spotty rainfall and random surface drainage, or do they appear to mark systematic elevations on a water table? Hint: Notice the elevations of the bottoms of dry sinkholes relative to the water levels in ponds. The answer is elevation of water table. Lab Summary Address the following in a 100- to 200-word summary: Summarize the general p rinciples and purpose of the lab. Explain how this lab helped you better understand the topics and concepts addressed this week. Describe what you found challenging about this lab. Describe what you found interesting about this lab. Write your summary here: This lab experiment is provided in order to comprehend the water system in the planet. Even it be a pond, a hole or a lake, one can never really understand the reason why the water ended up there. I also share this same difficulty. But with the aid of this laboratory experiment, I can now comprehend why the water ended in there. Also understand something unless you see it with your own eyes. I realized that there are various materials and information that are interesting to study and to know in these bodies of water.

How Emotional Intelligence Influences Leadership

How Emotional Intelligence Influences Leadership One may think of a perfect leader and come up with many alternatives. It could be a leader with a high-level of managing temper irrespective of the challenge, a leader who has absolute trust in his or her employees, listens, makes intelligent decisions, and provides feedback and has others desirable qualities.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How Emotional Intelligence Influences Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are qualities of a leader with high standards of emotional intelligence. In this article, the writer explores how emotional intelligence influences leadership, employee motivation and performance. It also shows how a leader can improve on emotional intelligence because they can learn, although with a great effort and commitment. Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to comprehend and manage one’s emotions and emotions of other people (Salovey and Mayer 185). Leaders who ha ve high-levels of emotional intelligence understand their feelings, meanings of their emotions and effects of those emotions on other people. For people in leadership positions, having EI is critical for success. Daniel Goleman is an American psychologist who perfected EI. He focused on five key elements of EI, which could influence leadership. These included self-awareness, self-regulation, empathy, social skills, and motivation. Goleman believes that â€Å"effective leaders are alike in one way: they all have a high degree of emotional intelligence† (Goleman 94). Leaders who tend to manage these elements normally have high standards of emotional intelligence. Self-awareness helps leaders to understand their own feelings. In addition, they also understand how their emotions and actions could affect their staff. Self-awareness also allows leaders to understand their own strengths and weaknesses. This makes leaders to act or behave with humility. Leaders with self-awareness de monstrate a high degree of self-confidence, realistic self-assessment, and self-deprecating sense of humor (Goleman 95). Leaders can improve on self-awareness by tracking their thoughts, feelings, and actions through journals. In addition, they can also mitigate their feelings of anger and other strong emotions. It is imperative to note that irrespective of prevailing situations, people can choose how to react. Self-regulation is a quality that allows leaders to stay in control of their decisions, maintain their values, and avoid stereotyping or attacking others. Such leaders can control disruptive emotions and think before taking any action. In addition, they also have high degrees of integrity, embrace change, and tolerate ambiguity.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Goleman observes that self-regulation allows leaders to be flexible and be personally acco untable because it demands integrity and trustworthiness from leaders (Goleman 98). Leaders can use some strategies to improve on their abilities to self-regulate. First, it is important for leaders to understand their values and know factors that can make them to compromise those values. This allows leaders to understand important values for them, avoid ethical dilemmas, and make right ethical decisions. Moreover, leaders who understand themselves are able to create an environment of trust and fairness. Second, leaders need to hold themselves accountable in order to develop self-regulating abilities. Some leaders blame their teams because of failures. Instead, leaders should be accountable, review failures, and face their consequences. This makes leaders accountable and improves trust within the team. Finally, leaders should learn to remain calm in all situations, even in a challenging situation. They should learn to relieve stress without affecting others. Stress and conflicts are also present in medical organizations. For instance, Jeanne Morrison noted cases of conflicts and stress in the nursing profession because of â€Å"inadequate salary, a lack of appreciation and fairness, increasing workloads with critical cases and poor relations with colleagues† (Morrison 974). Hence, the need to understand how to handle stress and conflicts in medical organizations was critical for employees. Morrison noted that it was impossible to eliminate conflicts and stress at workplaces but observed that learning â€Å"essential emotional intelligence (EI) skills could be helpful† (Morrison 975). Leaders must understand how to control their strong emotions and negative feelings and thoughts. Self-motivated leaders have tendencies of working constantly toward their objectives. Moreover, they believe in exceptionally high stands of achievements. These leaders have deep desire to achieve just for the sake of impressive results. In addition, they also show energy , persistence, optimism, commitment to organizations and strong drive to excel. Leaders who lack a sense of motivation should improve on it. First, a leader and his or her staff should re-examine their jobs and understand their roles and contributions to organizations. Leaders should motivate people through appreciation and in some cases, through monetary rewards. A leader should understand factors that lead to a lack of motivation within his or her team and formulate strategic ways of motivating employees. Most importantly, leaders must understand how motivated they are by assessing themselves in order to lead others. Leaders should be optimistic amidst failure and find reasons to put effort in their roles. Motivated leaders tend to analyze a situation, understand causes of failures, and master lesson learned for improvement. For such leaders, situations tend to be positive rather than negative. Motivated employees are likely to performance best than others.Advertising We w ill write a custom research paper sample on How Emotional Intelligence Influences Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Another factor of emotional intelligence is empathy. For a leader, empathy is an imperative factor that can lead to successful leadership in an organization. Leaders with empathy understand situations of others, their emotional composition, and possess skills required to react to other people based on their emotions. These leaders have abilities to build and retain talents, show cross-cultural sensitivity and offer services to their stakeholders. Hence, leaders with empathy develop others within the team, challenge team members who have negative attitudes, listen, and provide constructive feedback to team members. Leaders who have earned respect and loyalty in organizations are empathetic toward others. One can learn empathy by understanding others’ situations. Although it is simple to maintain one’s pos ition and point of view, it is advisable to understand situations from others’ perspectives too. Empathy also involves understanding body language. Body language could tell others how one feels about a position. Leaders who have mastered the art of body language understand how people feel when they address them. As a result, they are able to respond appropriately in a given situation. Leaders should also learn how to respond to feelings of others, especially in cases where employees feel that their jobs are frustrating them. Leaders who understand social skills as a component of emotional intelligence also understand communication skills, interpersonal relations, and conflict resolution among others. They are good at building new relations and maintaining networks with colleagues. Moreover, such leaders can find neutral grounds and create rapport in a team. Leaders who possess social skills are good in leading organizational change, persuading others, and building teams. Such leaders can accommodate both good and bad news. They can also get support from team members to support new initiatives. Social skills allow such leaders to resolve conflicts cautiously, get logical conclusions and demonstrate leadership through their own actions. One can build social skills by learning how to resolve conflicts in organizations and with other external partners. Improving communication skills can help leaders to develop their emotional intelligence and communicate effectively. Team members also require praise from their leaders. This inspires team effort and loyalty. In order to be an effective leader, a broad understanding of emotions and their impacts on others is imperative for leaders. A good leader relates and works effectively with different members of an organization. This leads to successful leadership. As Goleman shows, emotional intelligence makes a leader. Hence, leaders should improve on their self-awareness, motivation, social skills, self-regulation, an d empathy. Leaders should understand their emotions, emotions of others and express them appropriately.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More People who understand their emotions also understand emotions of others and predict reactions in different situations. Thus, emotional intelligence influences leadership by trying to improve it and create a favorable working environment in an organization, which contributes positively in employee motivation and job performance. Luckily, previous studies and Goleman show that one can learn emotional intelligence (Goleman 92; Guillà ©n and Florent-Treacy 2-30). It is not simple to develop emotional intelligence through normal studying of available literature (Davies 1). Instead, the process requires training, practice, effort, and support. Under some circumstances, employees may provide feedback on leadership performance and management styles of executives based on their behavioral outcomes and evaluation criteria. Although some leaders may consider such feedback as threatening and confronting, particularly if they do not appreciate feedback from juniors, it is the most imperative pr ocess in developing leadership emotional intelligence because feedback helps in identification of gaps and areas for improvement. Davies, Sean. Leadership in Action: Emotional intelligence and leadership. n.d. Web. Goleman, Daniel. What makes a leader. Harvard Business Review (1998): 92-103. Print. Guillà ©n, Laura and Elizabeth Florent-Treacy. Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness: The Mediating Influence of Collaborative Behaviors. 2011. Web. https://sites.insead.edu/facultyresearch/research/doc.cfm?did=47210. Morrison, Jeanne. The relationship between emotional intelligence competencies and preferred conflict-handling styles. Journal of Nursing Management 16 (2008): 974–983. Print. Salovey, Peter and John Mayer. Emotional intelligence. Imagination, cognition, and personality 9.3 (1990): 185-211. Print.